Rhythm and blues (or R & B) is a marketing term was coined in the United States in the 1949 musical by Jerry Wexler at Billboard magazine and was the beginning of popular music African-Americans to describe artists that combined jazz, gospel and blues. It replaced the term race music, which was considered offensive, and the Billboard category name "Harlem Hit Parade" in June 1949 and was initially used to the style of rock music, blues bars identify the 12 combinedFormat and boogie woogie with a back beat, which later became known as rock and roll. In 1948, RCA Victor was marketing black music under the name "Blues and Rhythm," but the words were Wexler of Atlantic Records, the label more aggressive and dominant in R & B in the first year canceled. In 1970, rhythm and blues has been used as a generic term to describe soul and funk as well. Now defines the term "R & B" is almost always held "Rhythm and Blues" is used and themodern version of soul and funk influenced African-American pop music that originated with the disappearance of the disc in 1980.
The original rhythm and blues
In its first manifestation, rhythm and blues was a predecessor to rock and roll. It 'was strongly influenced by jazz and jump as well as black gospel music and influenced jazz in return (hard bop was the product of the influence of rhythm and blues music, blues and gospel to bebop) and African tribal beats influenced.
The first stoneand roll consisted of rhythm and blues songs like "Rocket 88" and "Shake, Rattle and Roll", an aspect of popular music charts and the R & B charts. "Whole Lotta Shakin 'Goin' On," was the first success of Jerry Lee Lewis, an R & B covers, the country's No. 1 pop and R & B charts and done and the West.
Musicians paid little attention to the distinction between jazz and rhythm and blues, and often recorded in both genres. Numerous swing bands (for example, JayMcShann, Tiny Bradshaw and Johnny Otis) also recorded rhythm and blues. Count Basie had a weekly rhythm to live and transmit the blues in Harlem. Even a bebop icon like arranger Tadd Dameron also arranged for Bull Moose Jackson and spent two years as Jackson himself in bebop pianist later. Most studio musicians R & B were jazz musicians. And it worked in the opposite direction. Many of the musicians in the jazz of Charlie Mingus recordings are performed R & BVeterans. Lionel Hampton Big Band in early 1940, which became the classic recording "Flying Home" (tenor sax solo by Illinois Jacquet) has produced a fertile ground for many of the bebop legends of the year 1950. Eddie "Clean Head" Vinson was a one-man fusion, a bebop saxophonist and a blues shouter.
1950 was the decade leading to the classic rhythm and blues. Overlap with other genres such as jazz and rock and roll, R & B also developed regional variations. One style of strong, distinctboth sides of the border with the blues came from New Orleans and was a popular style first floor rolling basis from Professor Longhair. At the end of 1950, Fats Domino national ranking with "Blueberry Hill" and "It is a shame." Other artists who popularized this Louisiana flavor including R & B Clarence "Frogman" Henry, Frankie Ford, Irma Thomas, The Neville Brothers and Dr. John.
Early in his career, the Rolling Stones were essentially an R & Bband.
Contemporary R & B
It was not until 1980 that the term "R & B" normal use. During this period, the soul music of James Brown and Sly & the Family Stone items, and other styles of psychedelic music through the work of artists like George Clinton had adapted. Funk is also a big part of disco, a kind of electronic pop dance music. In early 1980, but had funk and soulful, sensual and sexually charged with the work of Prince andothers. Then came the modern style of contemporary R & B to a large part of American popular music.
R & B today defines a style of Afro-American music, originating after the end of the club in 1980, which combines elements of soul, funk, pop, and (after 1986) hip-hop in the way that contemporary R & B is known to be used in this context only the abbreviation "R & B", not the full expression.
Sometimes referred to as "urban contemporary" (called the name of theThe radio format that plays hip-hop and R & B) or "urban pop", contemporary R & B, with a smooth, electronic record production style, marked, drum machine-backed rhythms, and a smooth, lush style layout voice. Use of hip-hop-inspired beats are typical, although the roughness and grit inherent in hip-hop is usually reduced and smoothed.
History
Contemporary R & B singer Mary J. Blige performs on the National Mall in the "NFL Kickoff Live 2003"Concert.With the transition from soul to R & B in the first half of 1980, took a solo singer Luther Vandross and new stars such as Prince (Purple Rain) and Michael Jackson (Off the Wall, Thriller) over and dominated elementary schools in 1980. Thriller by Jackson, the black music with pop audiences after a post-disco repopularized game between mainstream U.S. audience is the biggest selling album of all time worldwide.
Female R & B singers like Whitney Houston andJanet Jackson gained great popularity during the second half of the decade, and Tina Turner, then in his 50 years, is back with a string of hits with crossover appeal. Also popular was New Edition, a group of young people, as the prototype of the boy band New Kids on later as the Block, the Backstreet Boys and serve others.
In 1986, Teddy Riley began producing R & B recordings, influences from the increasingly popular genre of music including hip-hop. This combination of R & BStyle and rhythms of hip-hop was called New Jack Swing, and artists like Keith Sweat, Guy, Jodeci and BellBivDeVoe (with former members of New Edition). Another popular group, but short-lived, with a strong R & B roots was Levert, whose lead singer, Gerald Levert, son of O'Jays singer Eddie Levert.
In early 1990, repopularized R & B group Boyz II Men classic-soul inspired vocal harmony, and several similar groups (among them Shai, Soul for RealDru Hill) would follow in their footsteps. Boyz II Men, and some of its competitors, from lush ballads from producers such as Babyface, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, Michael Jackson, sister Janet Jackson brought benefits to fame during the late 1980's and early 1990. As a solo artist, Babyface and contemporaries such as Brian McKnight avoided major influences hip-hop, and called in a smooth, soft style of R & B Quiet Storm.
In the early 1990's, alternative rock,adult contemporary, and gangsta rap ruled the charts, and R & B artists began adding even more of a rap / hip-hop sound to their work. New Jack Swing had its heavy synth beat gritty East Coast hip-hop inspired bases, which replaced in a genre labeled "hip-hop soul" by Sean "Puffy" Combs, producer of tracks for Mary J. Blige. Blige and other hip-hop soul as R. Kelly, Montell Jordan, Brandy, and Aaliyah, more than their predecessors slicker new jack swing,has brought hip-hop slang, style and attitude of music R & B. The subgenre also heavy gospel influence on tone and sound. The style became less popular since the late 1990, but later experienced a renaissance. The hip-hop-soul sound to hear more in the works of artists such as Jaheim, Ashanti, Amerie, and Keyshia Cole.
During the mid-1990 led highly successful artists like Mariah Carey, girl group TLC and the aforementioned Boyz II MenContemporary R & B into the mainstream. Boyz II Men and Mariah Carey took several Billboard Hot 100 number one hits, including "One Sweet Day", a collaboration between the two acts that became the longest running number one hit on the Hot 100 history. In addition, both released albums TLC and Boyz II Men in 1994, and II Crazysexycool or more than 10 million copies around the world, earning them diamond certification from the Recording Industry Association of America. Other best-selling R & BThe artists of this period include singer Toni Braxton, singer / songwriter / producer R. Kelly and the girl group En Vogue.
During the second half of the decade was Neo-Soul, which added a 1970 soul music influence on hip-hop soul blend, led by artists like D'Angelo, Lauryn Hill, and Maxwell. Many artists, especially Missy Elliott, further blurring the line between R & B and hip-hop, at the same time, recording in both genres.
During the late 1990's and early 2000, theInfluence of pop, R & B feel in the work of many pop musicians, particularly Jennifer Lopez and subsequent recordings of * NSYNC and the early recordings of 98 degrees. * NSYNC singer Justin Timberlake went on to several solo recordings, the strong influences from both R & B and hip-hop were doing. Other pop stars who have strong R & B influenced pop (sometimes called "dirty pop", "urban pop", or called a modern definition of "hip hop") to perform BritneySpears, Gwen Stefani and Pink.
In the United Kingdom R & B found its way into the UK 2Step garage subgenre, characterized by R & B singing style of breakbeat / jungle rhythms together. The most notable 2Step artists is Craig David, who worked on the U.S. R & B to the public in early 2000.
Today
Since 2000, he had the cross-pollination between R & B and hip-hop to the point where increases in most cases, the only major difference between a record, An album hip-hop or R & B record is whether his voice and the song or rap. Mainstream modern R & B sound has had the most to the rhythm of hip-hop soul, and lacks the hardcore and soulful urban "grinding" feel on the left hip-hop soul. The rhythmic element comes from New Jack Swing. R & B began to focus more on solo artists and groups such as 2000 progressed. Since 2005, the most important R & B artist Usher, Beyonce (ex-Destiny 'sChild) and Mariah Carey, whose music often blurs the line between contemporary R & B and pop.
Soul R & B continues to be popular, with artists like Alicia Keys, John Legend, Toni Braxton, American Idol winner Fantasia has classical influences in his work. Some R & B singers have used elements of Caribbean music in their work, especially dancehall and reggaeton.
Quiet Storm, although existing, is no longer a dominant presence on the pop charts and hasadult contemporary urban radio usually is limited. The best known of the Quiet Storm artists, including Babyface and Gerald Levert, began their career in the years 1980 and 1990, although more recent artists such as Kem also record in the style Quiet Storm. His influence can still be in the individual as we have seen Mariah Carey's "We Belong Together".
In addition, some types of production, specialized producers of songs developed. Timbaland, for example, was known for his hip-hop and jungleBased syncopated productions in late 1990, where he produced R & B hits for Aaliyah, Ginuwine, and singer / rapper Missy Elliott. By the end of the decade, Timbaland had influenced R & B songs for a sound that approximated his own, with feeling a little 'less of a hip-hop moves. Lil 'Jon became famous for a style that he calls "crunk & B", derives its influence from the southern hip-hop crunk music division. Jon gave his main R & B artist, Ciara, the title"The First Lady of Crunk & B" and Brooke Valentine and Usher and R & B songs with strong influences included crunk.
Contemporary R & B subgenres
These are the major subgenres of contemporary R & B, as in chronological order of their popularity.
Quiet Storm
Quiet Storm is a wide range of R & B and jazz-based music, soft, relaxed and often romantic. Its name derives from an innovative radio program that originated at WHUR Howard Universityin the mid 1970's, named after Smokey Robinson's 1975 single "Quiet Storm". Unlike contemporary R & B, Quiet Storm shows little influence from hip-hop, and usually plays the adult urban contemporary. The general made a lot of mainstream success in 1980 with the likes of Luther Vandross, Anita Baker and Sade. Other features include Quiet Storm musician Lionel Richie, Gerald Levert, Joe and Brian McKnight.
New Jack Swing
A fusion of hip-hop and R & BNew Jack Swing era of significant use of choruses and bridges and clapped his prominent use of drum machines like the Roland TR-808 from. Teddy Riley, Guy and his team are credited with the inventor of the genre, other important figures are Bobby Brown, Jimmy Jam & Terry Lewis, Jodeci and Boyz II Men female alternative, new swing Jill, was by such artists as Janet Jackson , Total, Shanice, TLC, SWV and supported.
Hip Hop Soul
In essence, the New Jack Swing1990 was hip-hop-soul style continues to accompany to a pure hip-hop sound, usually of a nervous, gangsta-rap image. The sound was remenescent of funk with the inclusion of baselines relatively dark elongated groove with notes. Among his most famous characters were Montell Jordan, Blackstreet, Groove Theory, and the "Queen of Hip Hop Soul" Mary J. Blige.
Neo Soul
Neo soul blends a hip-hop, R & B influenced sound to the soul classic from 1970. The true soul neocharacterized by a feeling of the ground, accented by soul-style harmonies, and accompanied by alternative hip-hop. It usually has a sound much less mainstream gender R & B. Some artists of this kind are Van Hunt, Tony! Toni! Tone!, Angie Stone, Maxwell, D'Angelo, Erykah Badu, Lauryn Hill, John Legend, Alicia Keys and Jill Scott.
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